I have given many talks and workshops on networking and relationship building and I have learned that the best way to help people become better at networking is to create something close to a coaching sessions. I prefer getting into real issues trying to guide a volunteer with an issue on the spot. The volunteer gets a free coaching session and the other participants learn by listening and helping out.
More often than not, people have the same issues on networking. This evolves around career development and getting things done. The career stuff is more long-term and strategic whereas the latter is much more operational driven.
Relationship building
As we move towards open innovation, companies have to be able to identify and establish partnerships that complement their own business capabilities. This requires people who are experts at networking and building relationships.
Rob Cross, an associate professor in University of Virginia’s McIntire School of Commerce, has identified three networking types that you should pay attention to within an organization: central connectors, brokers, and peripheral people.
Central connectors are those people with the highest number of direct connections. They can be formal leaders–or political players trying to be leaders–who everyone seeks out either because they make things happen, or because they have made themselves bottlenecks.
The latter can become a major problem with regards to innovation where you often need a dynamic flow. Some experts are also central connectors and this could lead to an overuse of these people as everyone goes to them with questions. Sometimes you need to protect these experts.
Brokers connect people across boundaries, such as functions, skills, geography, hierarchy, ethnicity, and gender. They have ground-level credibility and acknowledged expertise in the eyes of their peers, which makes them more likely to be sought out and listened to than a designated expert or leader who might not be influential in the network.
According to Cross, brokers often sit in “tipping point” positions and so diffuse information faster than leaders and central connectors. As such, brokers have the leverage ability to drive change, diffusion or innovation and they can also act in key liaison or cross-process roles.
You should also be aware of peripheral people who could be new people, experts, sales people, poor performers or cultural misfits. They sit on the edge of the network, and Cross has learned that typically 30 to 40 percent of peripheral people are trying to get better connected but have run into obstacles. These people reflect untapped expertise and are substantial flight risks.
Once you gain a better understanding of these networking types, you should ask yourself what type you are and how this impacts your future goals and your ability to work with open innovation projects. Working with innovation, you have to deal with all three networking types and you should also try to understand how to work best with the different types. This is especially important if you are a manager or leader.
Maximize your networking efforts
As you work to build your operational, strategic, and personal networks, here are seven tips on how to maximize the effectiveness of your networking efforts:
• Only network if you have a purpose. I strongly encourage you not to listen to the people who say you should network with everyone within sight so as to not risk losing any opportunities. You are already busy and time is the most precious thing you have, so do not spend time on activities that do not serve a higher purpose. This also goes for networking groups, which can be very useful. However, you should only join such a group if you have a purpose. It is also just fine to leave the group once that purpose is fulfilled.
• Learn to “turn on the switch”—even if you’re an introvert. Some people believe only extroverts can become good networkers. However, psychologists classify introverts as people who gain energy from being alone. It does not matter how outgoing or shy they may or may not be. This is true in my case. I would categorize myself as an introvert. I like to be by myself. I have no problem at all meeting other people, but I prefer to be by myself or with my family. My trick, and the trick introverts must use, is that I can turn on the switch and go into a networking mode. I have learned networking techniques, and I believe that having to work harder than natural extroverts has made me a better networker.
You can become a better networker by investing in a better understanding of how networking works and how you can use networks to meet your goals. Let me share a few tips on how to “turn on the switch” before you go to an event or a conference:
— Do your research before you go to an event. Know who you want to meet and be prepared.
— Everyone seeks upward connections when they’re networking. If people you want to connect with see you as “inferior,” they will think you are wasting their time. And networking time is often very limited. However, most people are polite and will give you one minute. So have your pitch ready and be prepared to make the most of your brief opportunity. If you are prepared things will go much easier even for introverts.
— Do the necessary follow-up work as soon as possible.
• Leverage the power of “six degrees of separation” to reach anyone in the world. This refers to the idea that if a person is one step away from each person they know and two steps away from each person who is known by one of the people they know, then everyone is an average of six “steps” away from each person on Earth. Think of someone who could really influence your career and see how many steps it would take you to connect with that person. You’ll often be surprised that you don’t even need six steps; it can often be done in just three or four connections.
Here’s how this works in terms of networks. Networks clump people together with other people who share the same values or have a common area of expertise. The larger group usually only has a few people connecting outside this group; these people are the brokers or “bridge builders” who connect groups with groups. The role of brokers explains how six degrees of separation works. If you connect with a bridge builder, that person will then connect you with another bridge builder, and so on and so on until you reach the person you want to reach. You can become very valuable by becoming a broker yourself. Also, connecting others creates friction, which creates new ways of thinking and prosperity, so for innovation leaders and intrapreneurs, being a broker can be particularly valuable and exciting.
• Use virtual tools. A growing number of online tools and services seem to make networking so much easier. Beware, this is tricky. Many people tell me that they do see how they can get value out of virtual tools, but there seems to be a generation gap. The young working generation will use online social networks in all aspects of their work once they are allowed to do so. People aged 28 and above need to consider what kind of impact this will have in the future years.
I use LinkedIn, the largest online business networking site, which is great for managing my network. Features such as Q&A and Groups make it interesting to follow their development.
• Understand informal versus formal network leadership. You need to know the influencers who are not on the formal organization chart. These are the people who hold disproportionate influence on other people. They are especially important if you are working on corporate change programs or building an innovation culture. Get to know the powers behind the throne in any formal network you join.
• Reason, ask, and tell. Prepare reasons for getting in touch with other people. This goes both ways. Once an interaction such as a brief encounter or a meeting is over you should always remember to ask people how you can help them and let these people know of any ways they might be able to help you. Nothing happens if you do not ask.
• Speak-write-meet. Which communication “medium” will you use to build your brand and networks? Some people are great speakers, others write very well, while others are great with people. Find your strength and build on that. Consider teaming up with others to cover all aspects. This is especially relevant if you are working in a team in which you can apply many of the ideas in the previous chapter for what we could call team branding.
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